Our feline friends are living longer thanks to advancements in veterinary medicine, better home care and nutrition. However, with longer lives come chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis. We frequently see older dogs with arthritis. Studies reveal that feline arthritis is more common than we once thought. We want to help our aging felines stay comfortable and mobile.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition of the joints. Over time, the cartilage layer or cushion between the bones that surround the joint breaks down. Once the cushion between the bones erodes away, the bones start to rub against one another. That causes pain. The physical diagnosis of arthritis in cats can be difficult, even for knowledgeable veterinarians. Felines can tolerate significant bone and joint disease due to their small size and natural flexibility.
Feline Arthritis – Not an Easy Diagnosis
Unlike our canine friends, cats generally do not enjoy being handled by strangers. The veterinarian needs to determine if the cat resents being touched or is actually painful. Cats also like to curl into a ball on the exam table; whereas dogs will usually walk around the exam room. Cats that are uncomfortable moving about at home rarely show this disability in a veterinary office. Therefore, owner’s observations play a very important role in diagnosing cats with pain due to arthritis.
The most frequently affected joints in feline arthritis are the elbows and hips. Arthritis of the spine and breast bone are also common. The shoulders and hocks (ankles) may also show signs of degenerative joint disease.
An x-ray may or may not reveal arthritic changes. Generally, x-rays will not show early changes in the cartilages of a joint. Furthermore, the degree of changes seen on an x-ray do not correspond to the degree of pain your cat is feeling. Not all cats with osteoarthritis will have radiographic changes. Not all radiographic changes will correspond with painful joints.
Treatment options for Feline Arthritis
Cats have a unique metabolism. They do not tolerate many of the common medications we use to treat pain in humans and dogs. Therefore, treatment options for cats are limited. Weight loss for overweight cats is very important. This will greatly reduce the stress on the joints. Exercise helps strengthen the muscles around the faltering joints. Changes in the cat’s environment are also helpful. We can keep cats on a single floor with food and water. Provide easy access, low sided, walk-in style litter pans. Sometimes elevating water bowls and providing soft bedding are also helpful.
There are no NSAIDs (Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs) that are approved for long-term use in cats. The FDA has a publication with more information on NSAIDS in pets. Cat owners need to be aware that acetaminophen can cause fatalities in cats. Never give your cat a human pain reliever without first consulting your veterinarian.
There are other medical options to keep your cat comfortable. Specific supplements, like Cosequin, may help some cats. Talk to your veterinarian about which medications would be most beneficial and safest for your cat’s specific needs and medical history.
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